The book outlines the extent to which individual, cultural or work-level goal preferences (values) and belief that „one gets what he deserves and deserves what he gets“ (belief in a just world) determine his successful adaptation to the environment (well-being). The representation of these desired goals has been analyzed and studied both through models that are widely used (e.g. Schwartz’s value survey) and through a new model that offers a framework integrating values, motives and needs. The proposed model defines values as functional or as orientation criteria guiding the behavior of the person and cognitively expressing his needs (e.g. Gouveia et al., 2008).